OBJECTIVE To explore the influencing factors of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury and to construct a nomogram to predict its risk， thus providing scientific basis for an early identification of high-risk individuals and development of prevention strategies. METHODS Patients who received vancomycin treatment and underwent vancomycin blood concentration testing from January 2018 to December 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were included in the study. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression was used to screen for influencing factors of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury， and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to construct a nomogram to predict its risk. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve were employed to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the prediction model， respectively. RESULTS A total of 2 660 patients were included， with 2 128 in the training set and 532 in the validation set. A total of 451 （17.0%） patients developed acute kidney injury， including 360 （16.9%） in the training test and 91 （17.1%） in the validation test. Five factors， including the trough concentration of vancomycin， ICU admission， combined use of diuretics or carbapenems， and central nervous system infections， were determined as predictors for vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury by LASSO regression and logistic regression. The established nomogram showed a comparable discrimination in both the training set （AUC=0.810， 95% CI： 0.786， 0.834） and validation set （AUC=0.819， 95% CI： 0.773， 0.865 ）. The nomogram also demonstrated a good calibration by Hosmer-Lemeshow test in the training set （P=0.962） and validation set （P=0.594）. CONCLUSION The incidence of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury is high. The nomogram established by LASSO regression and logistic regression demonstrated good discriminatory and calibration， which can be used to predict the risk of acute kidney injury after receiving vancomycin treatment.

OBJECTIVE To establish the chemical and physical fingerprints of Shugan Wei’an Granules， and to establish a method for evaluating the consistency of process and quality. METHODS The chemical fingerprints of 12 batches of Shugan Wei’an Granules were established by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The correlation between each batch was calculated by similarity evaluation software， and the dimension of 12 batches of Granules was reduced by principal component analysis （PCA）. The load matrix of principal component was obtained by matrix transformation. The physical fingerprint was constructed by seven physical parameters， including the angle of repose， moisture content， bulk density， tap density， Hausner ratio， moisture absorption rate and relative homogeneity index. PCA and clustering analysis were used to analyze the classification of particles among different batches. RESULTS The similarity of chemical fingerprints of 12 batches of Shugan Wei’an Granules was greater than 0.95. The 12 batches （S1–S12） of Granules were clustered into two categories according to the contribution rate of components in PCA， with S1–S4 clustered into one category， and S5–S12 into another category. Five common peaks were identified， including chlorogenic acid， paeoniflorin， naringin， neohesperidin and baicalin. The similarity of physical fingerprint of 12 batches of Granules was greater than 0.98. Two components were extracted by PCA， and the main contribution rate of PC1 and PC2 was 55.8%， and 22.3%， respectively. The 12 batches of particles were clustered into 3 categories by cluster analysis. CONCLUSION The fingerprint of Shugan Wei’an Granules is constructed， which can be used in the consistency evaluation of process and quality， and provide new ideas for the improvement of quality standards of hospital preparations.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of oxymetrine （OMT） on alleviating cholestatic hepatic fibrosis by downregulating V-Mafavian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G （MAFG）. METHODS In vivo， six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The model group and the test groups were supplemented with 0.1% of the 3，5-diethoxycarbonyl-1，4-dihydro-2，4，6-collidine （DDC） diet. The positive control group was administrated with 5 mg·kg^-1 obeticholic acid （OCA）， and the low-dose and high-dose OMT groups were supplied with 25 mg·kg^–1 OMT and 50 mg·kg^–1 OMT， respectively. Mice were administrated once a day for 27 days and sacrificed by cervical vertebra removal. Serum aspartate transaminase （AST）， alanine transaminase （ALT）， total bile acid （TBA） and total bilirubin （TBIL） were detected. Pathological changes and collagen deposition in liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin （H&E） and Masson staining. Protein expressions of fibrosis-related proteins alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， fibronectin （FN）， and MAFG were observed by immunohistochemistry， and the protein levels of α-SMA， collagen type Ⅰ， collagen type Ⅲ， FN， and MAFG were detected by Western blot.An in vitro fibrosis model was created by induction of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） in human liver stellate cells LX-2. Cells were divided into the control group， model group （10 ng·mL^–1 TGF-β1）， and low-dose and high-dose OMT groups （2 μmol·L^–1 and 10 μmol·L^–1， respectively）. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of α-SMA， collagen type Ⅰ， collagen type Ⅲ， FN， and MAFG. The stable overexpression and knockdown of MAFG were constructed by lentiviral transfection， and the expressions of hepatic fibrosis-related proteins were detected. RESULTS OMT significantly attenuated DDC-induced cholestatic liver fibrosis （P<0.05） and reduced serum AST， ALT， TBA， and TBIL in cholestatic mice （P<0.05）. OMT significantly down-regulated the protein levels of fibrosis-related proteins α-SMA， collagen type Ⅰ， collagen type Ⅲ， FN， and MAFG in the liver of mice （P<0.05）. Besides，OMT significantly inhibited fibrosis-related indicators and expression level of MAFG in TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells （P<0.05）. Overexpression or knockdown of MAFG in LX-2 cells showed similar changing trends in the protein levels of fibrosis-associated proteins to that of MAFG. CONCLUSION OMT significantly alleviates the DDC-included cholestatic liver fibrosis via downregulating MAFG. MAFG is a potential target for the treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the internal logic and experience enlightenment of the medical and health system reform and the development and compensation of pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical services in China. METHODS The evolution process of development and compensation of pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical services in China were analyzed by systematically searching policy documents and combing information. RESULTS The pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical services in China could be divided into four stages： the initial stage of system establishment， the stage of practice promotion， the transition stage， and the expansion stage of management and services. Correspondingly， the development of compensation policies on pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical services consisted of four periods as the trial implementation of “pharmaceutical service fee”， medical service price adjustment， pharmaceutical service value exploration and pharmaceutical medical service price formation. CONCLUSION As the pharmaceutical management becomes more scientific and pharmaceutical services become more professional in China， the value of pharmaceutical services is gradually reflected， the connotation of the project is gradually clarified， and the compensation mechanism also needs to be further improved. Additionally， the establishment and improvement of pharmaceutical service quality evaluation index system will become a crucial task to ensure the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of Qingre Runshi Formula （QRRSF） and to evaluate the clinical efficacy. METHODS The response surface methodology （RSM） was used to design and research the extraction process， and the amounts of indicator components （berberine， baicalin， geniposide）， dry extract yield and the in vitro pharmacodynamic indicators ［malondialdehyde （MDA）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）］ were selected as testing index. Then， the data were processed using normalization method， weighted and evaluated comprehensively. The optimum extraction process was predicted and validated through calculation and analysis. The clinical efficacy was further compared before and after process optimization to confirm the rationality and effectiveness of optimization. RESULTS The optimum extraction process was as follows： adding 10-fold water， extracting for 3 times with 118 min each time. The optimized drug efficacy on wound evaluation （P<0.01）， pain evaluation （P<0.05）， and comfort evaluation （P<0.05） was significantly improved. CONCLUSION The optimized extraction process of QRRSF by RSM is stable and effective， and the clinical efficacy is significantly improved.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of anti-viral pneumonia effect of the alcohol extract from the Gnaphalium affine D. Don in a zebrafish model and to predict the binding of its quality control components to its inflammatory targets by molecular docking. METHODS The ethanol extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don was prepared. The nine main components， including the protocatechuic acid， chlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， 1，3-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid， hypericin， iso-vermiculin， apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside， quercetin， apigenin， were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. A viral pneumonia zebrafish model was established by injecting polyinosinic acid through the swim bladder. Zebrafish were divided into the normal control group， model group， positive control group（indomethacin）， low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （125， 250 and 500 μg·mL^-1） of alcohol extract from the Gnaphalium affine D. Don， with 30 zebrafish in each group. Based on the determined maximum tolerance concentration （MTC）， the number of neutrophils， fluorescence intensity of macrophages and pathological status of swim bladder in each group were analyzed under fluorescence microscope. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction （q-PCR） was used to detect the expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-1beta （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） in zebrafish in each group. Finally， AutoDock version 1.5.7 was used for molecular docking and visualized by PyMOL software. RESULTS The HPLC data showed that the alcohol extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don was stable and feasible. Injection of high-dose alcohol extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don significantly reduced the number of neutrophils in the swim bladder， medium-dose and high-dose alcohol extract significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity of fish swim bladder macrophages. The pathological results of the swim bladder tissue showed that the inflammatory infiltration of zebrafish was significantly reduced in the medium-dose and high-dose groups， but the decrease in inflammatory infiltration was not significant in the low-dose group. q-PCR results showed that the alcohol extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don significantly down-regulated IL-1β and TNF-α， especially the high-dose group significantly down-regulated IL-1β. Molecular docking results showed that chlorogenic acid， apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin had good binding ability to the key target IL-1β. 1，3-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid， apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and apigenin had good binding ability to the key target TNF-α. CONCLUSION The anti-viral pneumonia effect of the alcohol extract of the Gnaphalium affine D. Don may be related to some of its components that can bind closely to the key inflammatory targets IL-1β and TNF-α， which competitively inhibit inflammatory response and reduce the number of neutrophils and macrophages in fish bladder by inhibiting inflammatory infiltration and down-regulating IL-1β and TNF-α.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the onset characteristics， associated drugs and risks of drug-induced movement disorders （DIMDs）. METHODS The reports of central nervous system-related adverse drug reactions （ADR） from January 1， 2009 to December 31， 2022， were extracted from the ADR database. The cases of DIMDs were screened， and the general conditions of the patients and distribution characteristics of the associated drugs were retrospectively analyzed. Four data mining technologies were used to obtain relevant drug risk signals， including the reporting odds ratio method， the proportional reporting ratio method， the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network method， and the standards proposed by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency （MHRA）. RESULTS A total of 2 025 cases of DIMDs were reported after screening， accounting for 0.72% of all ADR reports，and 6.63% of neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders reports. The male-to-female ratio was 1.12∶1， and most of them were seen in people over 65 years old. The top three associated drugs were central nervous system drugs， anti-infective drugs， and respiratory system drugs. The top three drugs leading to serious ADRs were moxifloxacin， imipenem-cilastatin sodium， and levofloxacin. A total of 31 drugs were risky by the four methods of data mining， with the top three of moxifloxacin， ipratropium bromide， and terbutaline. CONCLUSION The clinical application of central nervous system drugs， anti-infective drugs and respiratory drugs should be monitored to prevent ADRs like involuntary muscle contraction and tremor， It can provide a reference for the early clinical identification and intervention of DIMDs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal conversion ratio （CR） between hydromorphone （H） and morphine （M） for pain management in cancer patients undergoing intrathecal drug delivery system （IDDS） for analgesia. METHODS A total of 62 cancer pain patients using IDDS for analgesia were included， and 74 instances of drug rotation were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups： M-H group （M switched to H， n=50） and H-M group （H switched to M， n=24）. Based on the actual consumption of drugs to achieve the same analgesic intensity， correlation analysis and linear regression model analysis were conducted to estimate the potential optimal CR. Core indicators， such as the mean， median， maximum， minimum， highest density distribution， and 95% confidence interval （CI） of the actual clinical CR were calculated. Key indicators， such as the daily dose range of drugs before and after rotation， the 95% CI of daily doses， and changes in numeric rating scales （NRS）， were statistically analyzed to guide clinical practice. RESULTS The regression coefficient was 4.80 for the M-H group and 3.73 for the H-M group. The mean， median， maximum， minimum， strongest density distribution， and 95% CI of CR for the two groups were 4.93， 5.09， 5.89， 3.65， 5.22， and （3.62， 6.24） in the M-H group， and 3.64， 3.72， 4.69， 2.93， 3.77， and （2.73， 4.55） in the H-M group， respectively. The daily average dosage and 95% CI of M were 1.18–17.49 （0.89， 19.76） mg·d^–1 and 2.08–20.24 （–2.56， 24.37） mg·d^–1 in the M-H and H-M groups， and those of H were 0.22–4.05 （–0.14， 4.17） mg·d^–1 and 0.57–5.37 （–0.5， 6.35） mg·d^–1， respectively. CONCLUSION We recommend an initial optimal CR of 4.80 in cancer pain patients undergoing IDDS for analgesia when switching from M to H， and 3.73 when switching from H to M， but individual differences should be fully considered. The reference ranges are （3.62， 6.24） and （2.73， 4.55）， respectively.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the policy status of the dispensing and use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions， and put forward suggestions on the existing problems， so as to provide a reference for encouraging the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine preparations and the revision of the policy on dispensing and use. METHODS By Using policy comparison， literature research and other methods to sort out and analyze the development process of the policy on the dispensing and the use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions in China， compare the current policies on the dispensing and use of traditional Chinese medicine in various provinces and some regions， and put forward reform measures and suggestions. RESULTS The policy of dispensing and using traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions has given great encouragement and support to the development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations； There are different problems in the variety， scope and procedure of adjustment in various provinces and some regions， which have caused obstacles to the adjustment behavior and inter-provincial adjustment. CONCLUSION It is recommended to build an information platform for the dispensing and use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions； Unify the approval process for the dispensing and use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions； Medical institutions themselves should also seize the opportunity to strengthen the transformation of new drugs， encourage all parties to actively communicate， and jointly make due contributions to the revitalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE Based on the Chinese Drug-Related Problem Classification System （v1.0）， the pharmaceutical care of chronic ophthalmic diseases was evaluated. METHODS Patients with chronic ophthalmic diseases like dry eye， glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy treated in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to June 2023 were collected. The types， causes， intervention plans and acceptance results of drug-related problems （DRPs） were analyzed according to the Chinese Drug-Related Problems Classification System （v1.0）. The ophthalmic pharmaceutical care was provided for six months， and the results of ophthalmic pharmaceutical care were evaluated from eight dimensions， including ophthalmic-related clinical indicators， medication compliance， visual quality of life， disease and medication awareness. RESULTS A total of 306 patients were included， of which 247 patients had 523 DRPs， including 225 （43.02%） DRPs related to treatment effectiveness. A total of 543 associated reasons were identified， and 141 （19.37%） drugs were not correctly stored or used. Pharmacists provided 318 （38%） access schemes for patients/family members at most， and 392 （74.95%） interventional schemes were accepted and fully implemented. After six months of ophthalmic pharmaceutical care， the clinical indicators related to ophthalmology， medication compliance， visual quality of life， disease and medication awareness， and the number of medication related problems were all significantly improved （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Based on the Chinese Drug-Related Problems Classification System （v1.0）， the DRPs of patients with chronic ophthalmic diseases can be clearly determined， thus providing clinical basis for the development of ophthalmic pharmaceutical care norms and standards， effectively reducing the incidence of ophthalmic DRPs， and ensuring the rational use of drugs by patients.

Pancreatic cancer （PC） is characterized by a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. It ranks the sixth among global cancer-related deaths. Advanced age， smoking， obesity， chronic pancreatitis （CP）， type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and family history are high-risk factors for PC. Epidemiological studies have discovered that certain medications might boost the risk of PC. This review summarized the latest researches on potential risk drugs of PC with epidemiological evidence， including insulin， insulin secretagogues， glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） analogs， dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors （DPP-4i）， thiazolidinediones （TZDs）， metformin， proton pump inhibitors （PPIs）， ranitidine， penicillins， sulfonamides and calcium channel blockers （CCBs）. Potential carcinogenic mechanisms were also discussed. We aim to provide references for clinical safe dosing and inspire ideas for follow-up researches.

Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic extracted from the rhizome of turmeric with diverse biological activities. This paper reviewed the experimental studies on curcumin in the treatment of different types of liver injury at home and abroad in recent years， and discussed its hepatoprotective effect and underlying mechanisms. Based on the experimental animal models of liver injury， the therapeutic effects of curcumin in chemical， drug， alcoholic， non-alcoholic and immune-induced liver injury models were summarized， and the mechanism in improving experimental liver injury was assessed. We aim to provide a reference for the further study of curcumin in the protection of liver injury.

Calcium channel blockers （CCBs） play an important role in the treatment of hypertension in China. With the development of antihypertensive drugs， the emergence of long-acting CCBs reduces the frequency of medication and conducive to control blood pressure more lasting and stable. There are two types of long-acting CCBs： CCB sustained/controlled release preparations and CCBs with molecular long half-life. The process of absorption and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs can be interfered by different factors， and further affect their efficacy， or even cause serious adverse events. This article mainly discussed how common clinical influencing factors affect the treatment of long-acting CCBs， aiming to provide references for the rational use of long-acting CCB and individualized medication.

Osteoporosis has been the most prevalent bone disease. It is characterized clinically by systemic low bone mass and microstructural damage to bone tissue， resulting in heightened vulnerability to fractures due to greater bone fragility. With a rapid aging of society， the prevalence of osteoporosis has markedly spiked. However， its public awareness， diagnostic rate and treatment level remain low. Osteoporotic fractures carry severe consequences， particularly among elders， leading to disability and even death. Consequently， osteoporosis and associated fractures have emerged as critical public health issues in China. Anti-osteoporosis agents may be divided into anti-resorptives， anabolics of stimulating bone formation and dual-acting drugs. Based upon the latest clinical trials and drug application status for osteoporosis， a multidisciplinary panel of experts assembled by Hospital Pharmacy Committee of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association has collaborated to develop this consensus for standardizing rational drug dosing for improved patient outcomes and satisfactions.

Cyclosporine is a commonly used immunosuppressive agent in clinical practice known for its significant individual differences and the potential to induce adverse drug reactions. Therefore， therapeutic drug monitoring（TDM） is particularly important during the treatment. In this case report， a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome（APS） experienced an adverse reaction of tremor after cyclosporine administration， with a trough concentration C₀ of 212.1 ng·mL^–1. Through a close monitoring of the blood concentration of cyclosporine by clinical pharmacists and assessment of the adverse events， the patient was given an individualized treatment and suggested a temporary discontinuous use of cyclosporine. The treatment was adjusted to rituximab infusion， thus achieving a safer and more effective therapeutic outcome. The tremor symptoms gradually remitted and the condition stabilized through continuous pharmacological monitoring and careful treatment by the clinical team. This case highlighted the value of clinical pharmacists in assisting doctors to optimize treatment plans， and further emphasized the importance of individualized treatment and precise pharmaceutical monitoring in modern medical practice.

Autologous arteriovenous fistula （AVF） is the primary vascular pathway in maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients. Thrombosis can lead to the loss of AVF function， which is associated with hospitalization rate and all-cause mortality in MHD patients. So far， there are no reports of AVF occlusion caused by intravenous iron allergy. In this case， an allergic reaction and hypotension occurred after intravenous infusion of dextran iron， resulting in AVF thrombosis and occlusion. After intervention treatment， AVF function returned to normal. This article analyzed and discussed the case， suggesting that maintenance of AVF in MHD patients should be vigilant against intravenous iron allergy and hypotension symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction technology of the ancient formula Shangdangshen Ointment （SO）， and to evaluate its effect on mouse immune function. METHODS Independent variables included extraction frequency， the amount of water added， and extraction time， and evaluation parameters included the content of lobetyolin， and the comprehensive score of the ointment yield. The weight coefficient of each evaluation index was determined by the composite entropy weight of analytic hierarchy process （AHP）-index weight determination method （CRITIC）. Box-Behnken response surface method was to identify the optimal extraction technology of SO. An immunosuppressive mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide， followed by oral gavage of Lentinan and SO for 30 days. The body weight， organ index of immune organs， and serum immune factors （interleukin IL-2， IL-4） were detected， and the intestinal pathology of mice was observed by hematoxylin and eosin （H&E） staining. RESULTS The optimal extraction process for SO was three extractions （1 h， 0.5 h and 0.5 h， respectively） by adding 10-fold， 8-fold and 6-fold， respectively. Compared with the blank group， mouse in the model group had significantly decreased body weight and thymus index， increased spleen index and serum immune factors （all P<0.01）， and seriously damaged structure of small intestine. Model mice treated with SO had significantly increased body weight and thymus index （P<0.01）， and decreased spleen index and serum immune factors （P<0.05）. The impaired structure of small intestinal tissue was significantly alleviated. CONCLUSION Based on the Box-Behnken response surface methodology， the optimized extraction process of SO has the advantages of strong operability， high extraction rate， energy saving and good reproducibility. SO can significantly improve the immune function of immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng in improving renal interstitial fibrosis （RIF） in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO） by regulating the Notch signaling pathway. METHODS A total of 56 Wistar rats in the specific pathogen free （SPF） level were randomly divided into sham operation （Sham） group， UUO group， losartan potassium （RX） group， Danggui Buxue Decoction （DBD） group （3.75 g·kg^–1， 7.5 g·kg^–1）， and Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng （GDBD） group （4.4 g·kg^–1， 8.8 g·kg^–1）. Rats in the Sham group were stripped of the ureter without ligation， and those in the remaining groups were subjected to unilateral ureteral ligation to construct a RIF model in rats with UUO. Serum blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （Cr） were detected by biochemical analyzer. Serum TGF-β1， TNF-α and α-SMA in rats were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to observe the pathological changes and collagen fiber deposition of the kidney tissue. polymerase chain reaction（PCR） and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Notch1， JAG1 and HES1 in rat kidney tissue， respectively. RESULTS Compared with Sham group， rats in the UUO group had abnormal renal function， increased serum levels of kidney injury and fibrosis markers （TGF-β1， TNF-α， α-SMA）， and upregulated mRNA and protein levels of Notch1， JAG1 and HES1. Compared with the UUO group， opposite changing trends were observed in rats with drug administration. There were significant differences in the levels of BUN， Cr， α-SMA， Notch1， JAG1 and HES1 between DBD and GDBD groups. CONCLUSION Ginseng has a synergistic effect on DBD in delaying RIF. GDBD plays an important role in delaying RIF in UUO rats by downregulating TGF-β1 and regulating the Notch signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the extraction effect of total flavonoids from Epimedium brevicornu （E.brevicornu） by using ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents （DESs）， and to optimize the extraction parameters. METHODS Using the yield of total flavonoids of E.brevicornu as an indicator， ten DESs were prepared for extracting total flavonoids of E.brevicornu， and that with the highest yield was identified. Then， the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction process based on the univariate experiments ［extraction temperature （℃）， liquid-solid ratio （mL·g^–1） and ultrasonic time （min）］， and obtain the optimal process parameters. Meanwhile， the optimal extraction process was validated by in-vitro hypoglycemic activity evaluation. RESULT 1，3-propanediol/choline chloride （molar ratio 2∶1） containing 40 wt% water was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent， and the optimum extraction parameters were as follow： ultrasonic time （27 min）， liquid-solid ratio （44 mL·g^–1） and extraction temperature （72 ℃）. Under the above extraction condition， the yield of total flavonoids was 8.26%. Total flavonoids showed an IC₅₀ of 0.31 mg·mL^–1 on the hypoglycemic activity， which was superior to the alcohol extraction method. CONCLUSION 1，3-propanediol/choline chloride is a good solvent for extracting total flavonoids from E.brevicornu， which can effectively improve the yield of total flavonoids， and provide the scientific evidence for the resource development and utilization of E.brevicornu.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate accurately the quality of Suanzaoren Decoction （SZRD） based on the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint， network pharmacology and quantitative analysis. METHODS Firstly， the fingerprint of SZRD was established， and similarity evaluation and common peak identification were carried out through the analysis of the 10 batches of SZRD. Then， the pharmacodynamic components of SZRD were predicted by network pharmacology and verified by molecular interconnection. Finally， the content determination method of SZRD was established based on the obtained pharmacodynamic substances to evaluate the quality of SZRD. RESULTS A total of 32 common peaks were obtained through the UPLC fingerprint analysis and 22 chemical constituents were successfully identified. A network of “herbs-active components-targets-disease” was conducted through network pharmacology. Based on the measurability of components and availability of reference substances， the 11 compounds with higher contribution were finally selected as the pharmacodynamic substances for content determination. Molecular docking proved that the 11 compounds had good binding ability with the targets. The methodological validation showed that the 11 compounds exhibited a good linear relationship within the assay range （r²>0.9940）， and their precision， accuracy and stability were good. CONCLUSION The combination approach of UPLC fingerprint， network pharmacology and quantitative analysis is simple， rapid， accurate and reliable for screening pharmacodynamic substances and quality evaluation of SZRD. It also provides ideas for the screening of the active ingredients and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine herbals.

With the highest global disease burden， atopic dermatitis （AD） is a chronic inflammatory skin disease requiring positive treatment and long-term management. In the past， topical corticosteroids （TCS）， topical calcineurin inhibitors （TCI） and systemic immunosuppressants acted as major treatments for AD. Due to patient concerns of adverse reactions of TCS and traditional immunosuppressants， as well as uneven medical levels among different regions， clinical therapy of AD， especially systemic therapy of moderate-to-severe AD， often faces the problems of delayed initiation and poor patient compliance. Recently targeted drugs such as biologics and Janus kinase （JAK） inhibitors have been successively approved and systemic therapy for AD has gradually improved. However， due to relatively limited clinical application experiences of these drugs， drug selection， drug timing， tapering and withdrawing， adverse reaction management and other issues have brought new challenges to clinical therapy. With the introduction of the concept of “treat-to-target”， AD therapy has emphasizes primary patient needs， guidance of therapy goal and individualized management. Therefore therapeutic drug dosing and patient compliance management have become important factors affecting the “treat-to-target”. And pharmaceutical care plays a growingly prominent role in the management of AD therapeutic drugs. This consensus was intended to standardize drug use in AD management， summarize key points of pharmaceutical care， ensure drug safety and improve patient medication compliance， thereby improving the therapy outcomes and promoting the quality of AD therapy management in China.

OBJECTIVE To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for the determination of Fe（Ⅱ） in ferric maltol capsules， and to verify the method. METHODS The separation was performed on the Ultimate^® LP-C8 column （4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm）， and elution was performed with pH 7.0 TRIS-Ferrozine buffer. Acetonitrile： tetrahydrofuran （98.8∶1.0∶0.2）-acetonitrile （80∶20） was used as the mobile phase. The injection volume was 5 μL. The detection wavelength was 561 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The flow rate was 1 mL·min^–1. RESULTS The accuracy and precision met the requirements. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.045 μg·mL^–1 and 0.075 μg·mL^–1， respectively. The linear relationship was good with the range of 0.075-2.55 μg·mL^–1. The results of durability and solution stability （stable within 18.5 h） also met the requirements. CONCLUSION We for the first time suggested that the content of Fe（Ⅱ） in ferric maltol capsules is directly determined by HPLC. The method has high accuracy， precision and sensitivity， and can be used for process development and quality control of iron issue.

OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription in relieving obesity. METHODS The active ingredients of Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and literature review. Their targets were obtained from the TCMSP and SwissTarget Prediction platform， and annotated in the Uniprot database. Disease targets of obesity were obtained from the Genecards. The interaction between the targets of Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription and obesity was obtained using Venny 2.1.0. The common targets were introduced to the String 11.0 to perform the protein-protein interaction （PPI） analysis， and visualized by the CytoScape 3.9.1. The common targets were subjected to Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses using the Metascape， and then， a drug-component-target network was visualized via the CytoScape 3.9.1. Molecular docking of active ingredients of Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription to the targets was conducted by the Auto Dock Tools 1.5.6. The viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced with Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription at the concentrations of 10 µg·mL^–1， 20 µg·mL^–1， 40 µg·mL^–1， and 80 µg·mL^–1 was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. After 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes， reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） was used to detect the mRNA levels of insulin substrate receptor 1 （IRS-1） and glucose transporter 4 （GLUT-4）. Western blot was used to detect protein expressions of key members in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway and their phosphorylated levels. RESULTS A total of 235 active ingredients were screened from Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription， with 280 targets. After intersecting disease targets of obesity with those of Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription， 117 intersecting targets were available. The core targets were serine/threonine-protein kinase （AKT1）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1B， and tumor protein p53 （TP53）. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the intersecting targets were mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Active ingredients of Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription included quercetin， kaempferol， and luteolin. Molecular docking showed the docking affinity of quercetin， kaempferol and luteolin with AKT1 was less than -5.0 kcal·mol^–1， showing a good binding activity. In vitro data showed that treatment of 10 µg·mL^–1 and 20 µg·mL^–1 Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription significantly increased the mRNA levels of IRS-1 and GLUT-4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes （P < 0.01）， and the phosphorylated levels of PI3K and AKT （P < 0.01）. CONCLUSION Xiaoban Quzhi Prescription relieves obesity by upregulating the mRNA levels of GLUT-4 and IRS-1 in adipocytes and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

In recent years， with a rapid development of subcutaneous drug delivery techniques， more and more antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies of existing intravenous agents have been approved for subcutaneous dosing. Pharmaceutical manufacturing， pharmacokinetic characteristics， clinical efficacy and safety， clinical rational use and pharmaceutical management of innovative subcutaneous antineoplastic drugs have attracted growing attention. However， there is still a global lack of normative guidance for innovative subcutaneous antineoplastic drugs. Therefore， Hospital Pharmacy Specialty Committee of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association organized domestic experts to propose the definition of innovative subcutaneous preparations of antineoplastic drugs based upon existing resources of evidence-based medicine and clinical drug dosing experiences. Recommendations were offered on unique characteristics， clinical rational use， pharmaceutical management and care of innovative subcutaneous antineoplastic drugs.

As a polymer material with a three-dimensional network structure， hydrogel has excellent properties of hydrophilicity， flexibility and swelling. Also it has decent biocompatibility and degradability. Therefore hydrogels have great potential applications in such biomedical fields as drug delivery and tissue scaffolds. Summarizing the latest domestic and foreign literatures， this review introduced different types of hydrogels responsive to temperature， pH， redox， enzyme， electricity and multiple factors. The applications of hydrogels in biomedicine included tissue engineering， drug carrier， dressing， sensor and 3D cell culture.

OBJECTIVE To establish a quality control method for the Compound Zhizhuxiang Gel Plaster （CZGP） and a method for the determination of the contents of multiple components. METHODS Thin-layer chromatography （TLC） was used to qualitatively identify hesperidin （HSP）， costunolide （CL） and dehydrocostus lactone （DCL） in the CZGP. Their contents were determined via a quantitative analysis of multi- components with a single-marker （QAMS） using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with HSP as the internal standard. Meanwhile， CZGP was also examined with the amount of paste contained， heat-resistant properties， content homogeneity and the initial adhesive force. RESULTS In the TLC of each component， the same colour spots at the same position as the control product were clearly visible， with a good separation effect. HSP， CL and DCL respectively in the range of 13.20–1 689.00 µg·mL^–1 （r=0.999 6）， 2.85–365.40 µg·mL^–1 （r=0.999 8）， 4.14–530.40 µg·mL^–1 （r=0.999 9） showed a good linear relationship. Their average sample recovery rate was 97.820%， 101.38%， and 102.19%， respectively. The relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1.62%， 1.36%， and 1.42%， respectively. The measured content was 11.183， 1.707 0 and 1.921 0 mg·g^–1， respectively. QAMS obtained the similar finding as that of the external standard method， suggesting the feasibility of the former. The average paste content of each CZGP was 24.300 g， and the adhesion， heat resistance and content homogeneity were all complied with the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 Edition）. CONCLUSION The established quality control method is stable and reliable， and it can effectively control the quality of CZGP.

OBJECTIVE To establish the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint of Gardeniae Fructus， and to illustrate its spectral effect of the hypoglycemic effect， thus preliminarily clarifying the material basis of the hypoglycemic effect of Gardeniae Fructus. METHODS A total of 11 batches of Gardeniae Fructus were analyzed by UPLC to establish the UPLC fingerprints. Similarity evaluation was carried out， and the fingerprint data were analyzed by clustering analysis. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography- tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to identify the common feature peaks in the fingerprint. The inhibition rate of α-glucosidase was used as the pharmacodynamic index to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of Gardeniae Fructus. The spectral effect of Gardeniae Fructus was established by grey relational analysis （GRA） and partial least squares （PLS） to study the material basis of its hypoglycemic effect. RESULTS Through the establishment of fingerprints， 14 common peaks were calibrated. The information of each characteristic peak was preliminarily determined by database searching and literature comparison. The inhibition rate of α-glucosidase was determined by the analysis of spectral activity， showing that the hypoglycemic effect of Gardeniae Fructus was the co-result of various components. Among them， isoquercetin， 6″-O-trans-p-cinnamoylgenpin gentiobioside， gardenin， jasminoside Q and genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside contributed greatly. CONCLUSION The 11 batches of Gardeniae Fructus have a good hypoglycemic activity attributed to the synergistic effect of the contained components. The components corresponding to the total peaks 7， 12， 5， 8， 4 are closely related to the hypoglycemic activity， revealing the pharmacodynamic material basis of hypoglycemic effect of Gardeniae Fructus.

OBJECTIVE To explore the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Sanwu Huangqin Decoction （SWHD） on acute inflammation based upon zebrafish inflammatory models. METHODS CuSO₄ immersion， tail transection and lipopolysaccharide （LPS） yolk injection zebrafish models were set up for evaluating the acute anti-inflammatory effects of SWHD. Zebrafish larvae were divided into four groups of control， model， positive （10 μg·mL^–1 dexamethasone） and SWHD treatment （100/200/300 μg·mL^–1）. Aggregation of neutrophils in injured area of zebrafish was observed by fluorescence. In LPS-induced inflammation model， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） stain was utilized for observing the changes in the number of inflammatory cells in zebrafish. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） was employed for measuring the transcript mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes and lactate kit for detecting lactate concentration in zebrafish. RESULTS As compared with model group， SWHD dosing blunted abnormal neutrophil recruitment to inflamed sites. The survival rate of LPS-induced zebrafish was significantly elevated after dosing of SWHD. Significantly elevated lactate level， up-regulated mRNA expressions of lactate dehydrogenase A （LDHA） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） and down-regulated mRNA expressions of NF-κB， IL-6 and TNF-α were also observed. CONCLUSION SWHD may effectively suppress neutrophil aggregation to alleviate acute inflammatory process through regulating the LDHA-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To visualize the intelligent construction and development of PIVAS in China over the last two decades by CiteSpace software. METHODS The relevant articles on the development of PIVAS intelligence were retrieved from the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang and VIP. NoteExpress and CiteSpace software suites were utilized for visualizing the number of publications， authors， institutions and keywords. RESULTS A total of 121 articles were included and the largest number of articles appeared in 2021 （23 articles）. And 241 keywords were counted and 12 clusters were formed for keyword analysis. Top 5 keywords were pharmacy intravenous admixture service， information， automation， centralized intravenous drug dispensing center and intelligence. According to the statistics of the publishing institutions of PIVAS intelligent construction， Hebei General Hospital and First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University submitted the largest number of publications （6 articles）. Among 350 authors， Pang Guoxun had the largest number of publications （7 articles）. Among 60 statistical journals， China Pharmacy and Straits Pharmacy predominated （12 articles）. According to the statistics of applying intelligent construction in PIVAS in China， use of intelligent equipment could significantly minimize deployment errors and improve work efficiency. And its application outcomes were excellent. CONCLUSION The intelligent development of PIVAS in China has been rapid. Employing information management and automation equipment for constructing an intelligent service platform， it can significantly boost work efficiency， optimize workflows and effectively promote the innovation of pharmaceutical services. It represents a future direction of the construction and development of PIVAS at modern medical institutions.

OBJECTIVE To systematically review the short/long-term economic evaluations of Semaglutide Injection. METHODS The databases of PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， EBM Reviews-Health Technology Assessment， EBM Reviews-NHS Economic Evaluation Database， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， VIP and ISPOR were searched from inception until December 1， 2023. Two researchers independently screened reports， extracted raw data and evaluated qualities. RESULTS A total of 38 articles were included. From the perspective of research countries， Semaglutide Injection was economically advantageous compared to other GLP-1 receptor agonists （e.g. dulaglutide， exenatide ER & liraglutide） and insulin glargine. When compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors （empagliflozin & canagliflozin）， Semaglutide Injection demonstrated superior long-term economic benefits. CONCLUSION Further economic studies based upon real-world data of Chinese populations are required for providing decision-making references for stakeholders.

Objective To explore whether or not Changji’an Formula （CJAF） treats diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） through interfering with tryptophan metabolism and its downstream NMDAR1/ERK/BDNF signaling pathway. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley （SD） male rats were randomized into 4 groups of normal， model， CJAF （16.74 g·kg^–1） and pinaverium bromide （18 mg·kg^–1） （n=6 each）. Three-factor method was employed for establishing a rat model of IBS-D. After successful modeling， CJAF was dosed by gavage once daily for 2 weeks. Finally the rats were sacrificed for tissue harvesting. The model was evaluated by drying method to determine the water content of feces， abdominal wall withdrawal reflex for assessing the visceral sensitivity， determination of sugar-water preference and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） stain. The plasma content of tryptophan metabolite was determined by LC-MS. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction （q-PCR） was utilized for detecting the mRNA expressions of NMDAR1， CREB1 and BDNF. Western blot was utilized for detecting the protein expressions of IDO1， NMDAR1， ERK1/2， pERK， CREB1 and BDNF. And immunofluorescence was employed for detecting the expression of IDO1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used for determining the expression of IFN-γ. Results As compared with model group， CJAF and Pinaverium Bromide groups had lower fecal water content， lower AWR score and higher sugar-water preference value （P<0.05）. Plasma levels of TRP and KA spiked， the levels of Kyn and QA declined and the expression of IFN-γ was down-regulated （P<0.05）. And mRNA/protein expressions of IDO1， NMDAR1， pERK， CREB1 and BDNF dropped in colon （P<0.05）. Conclusion CJAF may improve the symptoms of pain and diarrhea in IBS-D model rats， Its mechanism is probably correlated with the regulation of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism， an inhibition of IDO1 expression and the regulation of NMDAR1/ERK/BDNF signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the comprehensive clinical value of domestic and imported montelukast sodium （MS） in the treatment of children with asthma. METHODS Six dimensions of safety， effectiveness， economy， suitability， accessibility and innovation， expert consultation and literature survey were employed for determining the clinical comprehensive evaluation index system. Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were utilized for screening the index system and determine the weights of all indices. Evidence collection proceeded through literature researches， real world researches and questionnaire surveying. Experts were invited to score MS according to evidence sets. Total score of clinical comprehensive evaluation of two drugs was calculated by the weights of indices. RESULTS A comprehensive clinical evaluation index system of MS was established， including 6 primary indices （safety， effectiveness， suitability， accessibility， economy & innovation）， 14 secondary indices and 32 tertiary indices. Total score of MS centrally purchased domestically was 8.12 points and total score of imported original drug was 8.03 points. The scores of safety， effectiveness and innovation of imported original research drugs were slightly higher than those of pooled drugs. And the scores of economy， accessibility and suitability of pooled drugs were slightly higher than those of imported original research drugs. CONCLUSION The comprehensive clinical value of MS centrally purchased domestically for treating pediatric asthma is superior to that of imported original drugs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Rubia yunnanensis on heart failure（HF） in mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Six wild-type C57 BL/6J mice were taken as the control group， and 18 apoE-knockout （ApoE-/-） mice were randomly divided into the HF group， treatment group， and positive control group for establishing HF model via a high-fat diet. Mice in the treatment group were given 7.5 g·kg^–1 Rubia yunnanensis decoction， and those in the positive control group were given oral gavage of trimetazidine 0.5 mg·kg^–1. Mice in the HF group were given an equal volume of saline by gavage. After feeding for 12 weeks， heart tissues were taken for H&E staining to detect the myocardial tissue changes. Myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson’s trichrome staining， and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen ratio was detected by Sirius red staining. The positive expression of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） served as the golden standard for HF， which was measured in mouse heart to validate the success of modeling. Heart tissue was extracted for mRNA sequencing， and differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The mRNA expressions of DEGs were verified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR）. Protein levels of autophagy markers were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control group， cell number in the model group was significantly lower （P<0.05）， and the myocardial fibrosis and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen ratio were significantly higher （P<0.05）.Compared with the model group， cell number in the treatment and the positive control groups was significantly higher （P<0.05）， and myocardial fibrosis and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen ratio were significantly lower （P<0.05）. There were 197 DEGs in the treatment group versus the model group， 205 DEGs in the model group versus the control group， and 21 DEGs in their intersection. Among them， expression levels of 13 DEGs were altered by the treatment of Rubia yunnanensis， involving 5 associated with HF： H2-Ab1， Ddit4， Mycn， Myl4， and Nppa. RT-qPCR showed that Rubia yunnanensis could reverse the mRNA expressions of H2-Ab1， Ddit4， Mycn， Myl4， and Nppa in the heart tissue of mice with HF. Western blot results showed that Rubia yunnanensis could downregulate LC3-I， LC3-Ⅱ and P62. CONCLUSION Rubia yunnanensis can improve HF in mice through the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction， chemokine signaling pathway， and autophagy by regulating H2-Ab1， Ddit4， Mycn， Myl4， Nppa， and BNP.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence of immune-associated pneumonia caused by tislelizumab to provide a pharmaceutical supervision for clinical pharmacists on immune-associated pneumonia occurring in actual clinical treatment of tislelizumab. METHODS The databases of PubMed， Elsevier Science Direct， SpringerLink， Wiley Online Library， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Wanfang were searched for immune-associated pneumonia induced by tislelizumab were searched as of June 2023. RESULTS A total of 12 cases of pneumonia induced by tislelizumab were included. There were 11 males and 1 female with a mean age of 61 years. Time of onset of pneumonia predominated at 1-6 months after an initial drug dosing. The major clinical manifestations included dyspnea， cough and fever and imaging feature was ground-glass opacity. Nine patients were cured after symptomatic treatment. Four patients were retreated with tislelizumab and two relapsed. CONCLUSION Clinical symptoms and lung imaging characteristics of patients with immune-related pneumonia should be closely monitored during a treatment of tislelizumab by clinical pharmacists. And the pharmaceutical care should be strengthened to ensure the safety of drug dosing.

As one of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors （SGLT2i）， dagliflozin was the first SGLT2i agent approved for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in EU in 2012 and later in China in 2017. In addition to its definite hypoglycemic effect， it has demonstrated promising efficacies for heart failure and chronic kidney disease in China. With its widespread clinical applications， many adverse reactions have been reported. Acute pancreatitis was mentioned in a foreign report. Only one case of acute liver injury was reported globally. Here we described one case of acute pancreatitis and acute liver injury caused by dagliflozin.

A 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed with malignant tumor in right lung complicated with lymph node metastasis in lung hilum and abdomen， bone metastasis and secondary malignant tumor of adrenal gland. In March 2021， two cycles of immunochemotherapy were dosed in the regimen of pembrolizumab （200 mg）， pemetrexed disodium for injection （800 mg） and carboplatin injection （500 mg）. Since liver function manifested as Grade 4 immune hepatotoxicity， pembrolizumab was terminated and liver function gradually normalized after dosing of glucocorticoid and hepatoprotective drugs. In May 2022， three cycles of immunochemotherapy were offered in the regimen of pembrolizumab （200 mg） and pemetrexed disodium for injection （800 mg）. Liver function manifested as Grade 2 immune hepatotoxicity. After dosing of glucocorticoid and hepatoprotective drugs， liver function gradually normalized.

Inpatient pharmacy care at medical institutions is pharmaceutical service provided by qualified pharmacists to ensure the safety of inpatient medications and optimal treatment outcomes. To strengthen the managements of inpatient pharmacy care at medical institutions and ensure the qualities of pharmaceutical services， the compilation team for Standardized Pharmacy Care for Healthcare Facilities in Hubei Province has formulated this protocol under the guidance of Hubei Clinical Pharmacist Educational Center in accordance with the relevant laws， regulations and rules. This standardized protocol is applicable to medical institutions providing inpatient pharmacy consultations in Hubei Province.

OBJECTIVE Under the background of the transformation of hospital pharmacy in the country， we should explore innovative pharmaceutical care models， open up communication channels between patients and pharmacists at home， and ensure the safety of patients’ medication. METHODS Based upon existing problems in the current domestic pharmaceutical care model and the improvement of the level of pharmaceutical care， combined with the characteristics of hospital disease treatment， transformation direction of pharmaceutical care was sought. Taking “Internet +” pharmaceutical care as the starting point， this paper explores the service mode， service content， service accuracy and other aspects to establish the new intelligent interactive pharmaceutical care model. RESULTS After inputting drug information through the intelligent interactive service platform， an independently encrypted two-dimensional code for each drug can be generated. Patients do not need to pay attention to any APP， just scan the two-dimensional code above the medicine box to view the basic information of the medicine box at any time （usage and dosage， precautions， common adverse reactions， etc.）， and if there is any medication problem， they can solve it by themselves through the preset common problems in the two-dimensional code or consult the pharmacist at any time. During the three years of online service from 2020 to 2022， this model has provided a total of 241 262 drug information inquiries for patients， answered 2 912 patient consultations， and obtained 172 adverse drug reaction feedbacks， and the number of inquiries in 2022 is 261% higher than in 2020. CONCLUSION This innovative intelligent interactive pharmaceutical care model extends professional pharmaceutical care to patients， builds a bridge of communication between patients and pharmacists， and truly brings pharmacists home under the premise of ensuring patients’ medication safety.

Amomum kravanh has a long history of medicinal use in China. Containing volatile oils， flavonoids， diarylheptane and other chemical components， A. kravanh has pharmacological functions of renohepatic protection and anti-tumor. Here chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of A. kravanh were reviewed and Q-Markers of A. kravanh were predicted from the aspects of plant genealogy， specificity of chemical components， correlation between components， traditional medicinal properties， compound compatibility， chemical composition measurability and different origins. It was preliminarily predicted that 1，8-eucalyptol， β-pinene， α-pinene， α-terpineol， α-caryophyllene， α-cubebene and eugenol could be used as Q-Markers for A. kravanh， providing rationales for optimizing the quality standards of A. kravanh.

OBJECTIVE To summarize pharmaceutical care researches published in top medical journals to provide references for pharmacists to carry out researches of pharmaceutical care. METHODS PubMed database was searched by journal and contents of pharmaceutical care as search terms. Pharmaceutical care researches published in top four medical journals from January 1， 2000 to August 21， 2023 were extracted. RESULTS A total of 18 articles were included， among which 9 articles were published in BMJ， 5 in JAMA， 3 in LANCET and 1 in NEJM. The participants， study design， contents of pharmaceutical care and outcome parameters were analyzed. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical care researches published in top medical journals have outstanding characteristics in terms of population representation， targeted intervention measures， diversity of settings， appropriateness of epidemiological study design and rationality of outcome parameters. It may provide practical references for planning researches in pharmacy practice in China and offering high-quality pharmaceutical care.