The mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng in improving renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction by regulating the Notch signaling pathway

QIU Saiyue, TANG Lu, LUO Meixiu, PIAO Songlan, WANG Yinghang, PAN Zhi

Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2) : 128-134.

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Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2) : 128-134. DOI: 10.13286/j.1001-5213.2025.02.02
Research Article

The mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng in improving renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction by regulating the Notch signaling pathway

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng in improving renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) by regulating the Notch signaling pathway. METHODS A total of 56 Wistar rats in the specific pathogen free (SPF) level were randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group, UUO group, losartan potassium (RX) group, Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) group (3.75 g·kg–1, 7.5 g·kg–1), and Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng (GDBD) group (4.4 g·kg–1, 8.8 g·kg–1). Rats in the Sham group were stripped of the ureter without ligation, and those in the remaining groups were subjected to unilateral ureteral ligation to construct a RIF model in rats with UUO. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were detected by biochemical analyzer. Serum TGF-β1, TNF-α and α-SMA in rats were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to observe the pathological changes and collagen fiber deposition of the kidney tissue. polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Notch1, JAG1 and HES1 in rat kidney tissue, respectively. RESULTS Compared with Sham group, rats in the UUO group had abnormal renal function, increased serum levels of kidney injury and fibrosis markers (TGF-β1, TNF-α, α-SMA), and upregulated mRNA and protein levels of Notch1, JAG1 and HES1. Compared with the UUO group, opposite changing trends were observed in rats with drug administration. There were significant differences in the levels of BUN, Cr, α-SMA, Notch1, JAG1 and HES1 between DBD and GDBD groups. CONCLUSION Ginseng has a synergistic effect on DBD in delaying RIF. GDBD plays an important role in delaying RIF in UUO rats by downregulating TGF-β1 and regulating the Notch signaling pathway.

Key words

Danggui Buxue Decoction / ginseng / Notch signaling pathway / unilateral ureteral obstruction / renal interstitial fibrosis

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QIU Saiyue, TANG Lu, LUO Meixiu, PIAO Songlan, WANG Yinghang, PAN Zhi. The mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng in improving renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction by regulating the Notch signaling pathway[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2025, 45(2): 128-134 https://doi.org/10.13286/j.1001-5213.2025.02.02
全球数据揭示,慢性肾脏疾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的患病率正呈现显著上升趋势,在我国患病率已达10.8%1。肾间质纤维化(renal interstitial fibrosis,RIF)作为多种CKD演进至终末期肾衰的病理过程,主要表现为肾脏结构重塑、肾小管萎缩、炎性细胞浸润与细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)成分的异常堆积2。研究表明,转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β1)是迄今为止识别出的最强大的促进肾脏纤维化的信号传导分子,在肾、心、肝等器官纤维化进展中发挥重要调控作用3。各类肾脏病可通过细胞因子介导多种信号通路走向纤维化,先前的研究主要集中在TGF-β/Smad、Wnt/β-catenin信号通路等方面4。最近的研究发现Notch信号通路在RIF中起着重要作用,属于经典的纤维化信号通路TGF-β延迟激活通道5。Notch信号通路主要由跨膜受体(Notch1~Notch4)、Jagged配体(Delta1、Delta3、Delta4、JAG1、JAG2)及下游信号分子HES1的组成。当机体受到刺激后,Notch受体与配体相结合,启动下游HES1基因转录,进而影响细胞的分化、增殖、迁移、凋亡和上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)等过程。在CKD临床试验及体外实验中观察到Notch信号通路的激活,且Notch1、JAG1、Notch1胞内段(NICD1)、HES1等蛋白的表达水平与RIF严重程度呈正相关6。肾小管上皮细胞中Notch1的异常表达可诱导炎症反应以及促进肾脏纤维化,对肾脏疾病的发生、发展产生关键影响7。因此,靶向调控Notch信号通路是有效发挥延缓RIF的有效治疗策略。
当归补血汤(Danggui Buxue Decoction,DBD)作为益气补血的代表方,具有促进造血功能、调节免疫、抗纤维化等作用8。研究证实,DBD能够调控BMP-7、TGF-β1表达,抑制ECM增生,改善腺嘌呤诱导的大鼠肾衰竭,起到延缓大鼠肾纤维化的作用9。人参具有一定的抗炎作用,能够减少炎症介质的释放,改善免疫功能和促进组织修复10,其主要成分人参皂苷对单侧输尿管梗阻(unilateral-ureteral obstruction,UUO)大鼠肾纤维化有抑制作用11。但目前将两者结合进行实验研究较少,故本研究基于DBD延缓RIF作用的前期研究基础,加以人参,以UUO大鼠为研究对象,探讨人参对DBD调控Notch信号通路延缓UUO大鼠RIF的增效作用及内在分子机制,以期为治疗RIF提供新的治疗策略和实验依据。

1 材料

1.1 仪器

3H16RI智能高速冷冻离心机(湖南赫西仪器装备有限公司);Chmaray420全自动生化分析仪(深圳雷杜生命科技);BFM-800E荧光倒置显微镜(上海比目仪器有限公司);RT-6100酶标仪(深圳雷杜生命科学股份有限公司);165-8000型电泳仪、170-3930型转膜仪(美国Bio-Rad公司);ETC811型基因扩增仪(苏州东胜兴业科学仪器有限公司);FL1000型智能成像系统(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。

1.2 药品与试剂

人参、当归、黄芪(批号20221217、20230311、20230222-01,吉林省北药中药制药集团有限公司);氯沙坦钾片(批号W038015,杭州默沙东制药有限公司);苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色液,购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;大鼠TGF-β1、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)ELISA试剂盒,(批号CB11786-Hu、CB11762-Hu、CB10257-Hu,上海科艾博生物有限公司);Notch1、JAG1、HES1一抗(批号A7636、A12733、A0925,武汉AB clonal生物科技有限公司),山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)二抗(批号A0208)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(批号062222220930)购自于碧云天生物技术有限公司;Notch1、HES1、JAG1引物,聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)引物设计合成由生工生物工程有限公司完成。

1.3 实验动物

56只雄性Wistar大鼠,SPF级,体质量(220~250) g,购自吉林省长春市亿斯实验动物技术有限公司[动物生产许可证号:SCXK(吉)2020-0002],饲养于长春中医药大学动物实验中心,温度(23±2) ℃,相对湿度(50±5)%。本实验经过长春中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(伦理批号2022542)。

2 方法

2.1 样品制备

DBD组取当归100 g,黄芪500 g;当归补血汤配伍人参(Danggui Buxue Decoction combined with Ginseng,GDBD,当归∶黄芪∶人参=1∶5∶1)组取当归100 g,黄芪500 g,人参100 g。分别用纯水浸泡30 min,武火煎煮,微沸开始计时30 min,过滤,文火继续煎煮30 min,合并两次过滤液。滤渣用80%乙醇提取2 h,滤渣再次提取1 h,合并醇提取液。水溶液和醇溶液进行浓缩,–20 ℃冰箱冷冻24 h,–80 ℃冰箱24 h梯度降温冷冻,冻干机冷冻干燥4 d,制成冻干粉12。冻干粉迅速转移至密封袋中,低温避光保存备用。

2.2 模型构建

参考文献[13]的方法,用20%的氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉大鼠,常规消毒和剃毛后于左侧背部纵向切口,长约2 cm(与背部正中线平行),找到左侧输尿管,上方在肾盂附近结扎,下方于输尿管上1/3处结扎。在两处结扎点之间剪断输尿管,使左肾完全梗阻,后用手术丝线分层缝合肌肉、皮肤层,即制备成功UUO大鼠模型。

2.3 动物分组与给药方法

56只大鼠随机数字表法分为假手术(Sham)组、模型(UUO)组、氯沙坦钾(RX)组、DBD低剂量(DBD 3.75 g·kg–1)组、DBD高剂量(DBD 7.5 g·kg–1)组、GDBD低剂量(GDBD 4.4 g·kg–1)组、GDBD高剂量(GDBD 8.8 g·kg–1)组,每组8只。Sham组在麻醉状态下从左侧背部切口,游离左侧输尿管,但不结扎,分层缝合伤口,其余6组按照“1.2.2”方法制备UUO大鼠模型。造模后次日,各实验组分别按照10 mL·kg–1的剂量灌胃。DBD成人每日服用36 g,根据人与大鼠体表面积换算大鼠的等效剂量为3.75 g·kg–1,大鼠折算率为6.3,为DBD低剂量组给药量;低剂量组的2倍给药量(即7.5 g·kg–1)为DBD高剂量组给药量;GDBD成人每日服用42 g,同法换算4.4、8.8 g·kg–1分别为GDBD低、高剂量组给药量;RX组的给药剂量为10 mg·kg–1。Sham组与UUO组大鼠灌胃等量蒸馏水,每天给药1次,持续14 d。

2.4 一般情况观察及肾脏脏器指数测定

观察大鼠精神状态,活动能力,并记录体质量变化。给药14 d后,称量大鼠体质量,麻醉,摘取梗阻肾脏,冰上除去肾脏被膜,称重记录。按肾脏脏器指数=梗阻侧肾脏湿质量/体质量×100%14,计算肾脏脏器指数。

2.5 生化指标检测

大鼠腹主动脉取血5 mL左右,静置2 h,3 000 r·min–1离心15 min,取上清200 μL,使用全自动生化分析仪按照说明书对血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、肌酐(creatinine,Cr)水平进行测定。

2.6 ELISA法检测血清中TGF-β1、TNF-α、α-SMA的水平

将“2.5”中的上层血清,按ELISA试剂盒说明测定TGF-β1、TNF-α及α-SMA的含量。

2.7 HE、Masson染色观察大鼠肾组织病理变化及纤维化程度

大鼠肾组织经4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋、切片,脱蜡水化后进行HE染色与Masson染色,脱水、封片,显微镜下观察各组大鼠肾脏组织病变情况,并计算肾组织纤维化率。肾组织纤维化率(%)=(Masson蓝染色面积/总面积)×100%。

2.8 PCR法检测肾组织中Notch1JAG1HES1 mRNA表达水平

各组大鼠取100 mg肾组织,提总RNA,以总RNA为模板反转录得cDNA,根据不同基因温度进行PCR扩增反应,以β-actin为内参基因,计算Notch1JAG1HES1的mRNA表达情况。引物序列见表1
Tab 1 Primers used in real-time qPCR

表1 实时qPCR引物

基因 正向引物序列 反向引物序列
Notch1 5’-TGGACCAGATTGGGGAGTTC-3’ 5’-GCACACTCGTCTGTGTTGAC-3’
JAG1 5’-GGGGCAACACCTTCAACCTC-3’ 5’-CCAGGCGAAACTGAAAGGC-3’
HES1 5’-TCAACACGACACCGGATAAAC-3’ 5’-GCCGCGAGCTATCTTTCTTCA-3’
β-actin 5’-GTCGTACCACTGGCATTGTG-3’ 5’-TCTCAGCTGTGGTGGTGAAG-3’

2.9 Western blot法检测肾组织中Notch1、JAG1、HES1的蛋白表达水平

各组大鼠取100 mg冻存的肾脏组织,加入RIPA裂解液,研磨,离心,提取总蛋白。BCA法测蛋白浓度,加蛋白上样缓冲液加热变形。电泳,转膜,封闭后,分别加入1∶ 1 000稀释的目标一抗,同时用β-actin(1∶ 2 000稀释)作为总蛋白内参,4 ℃孵育过夜。次日二抗孵育1 h,显影,并采用Image J软件对条带进行分析。

2.10 统计学处理

采用GraphPad Prism 8统计软件进行数据分析,结果以x¯±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,当P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。

3 结果

3.1 DBD、GDBD对UUO大鼠一般状态及肾脏脏器指数的影响

由于操作不当,术后感染等,UUO、RX、DBD 3.75 g·kg–1、DBD 7.5 g·kg–1组大鼠均有1只死亡,手术存活率为93%,最终各组大鼠数量≥7只,保证了结果的科学性。Sham组大鼠状态良好,行动自如,排泄物正常;各造模组大鼠活动减少,精神萎靡。术后第2天,各组大鼠体质量均有明显降低,第4天开始体质量逐渐上升,其中UUO组大鼠体质量上升最缓慢,GDBD 8.8 g·kg–1组大鼠体质量上升速度接近Sham组,见图1。与Sham组比较,UUO组明显出现了肾脏脏器指数增加(P<0.01),经药物干预后,各组肾脏脏器指数明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),见表2
Fig 1 Effects of DBD and GDBD on body weight of UUO rats(x¯±sn=6)

图1 DBD和GDBD对UUO大鼠体质量的影响(x¯±sn=6)

Full size|PPT slide

Tab 2 Effects of DBD and GDBD on renal organ index and renal function indicators in UUO rats (x¯±sn=6)

表2 DBD和GDBD对UUO大鼠肾脏脏器指数和肾功能指标的影响 (x¯±sn=6)

组别 脏器指数/%

BUN/

(mg·dL–1

Cr/

(μmol·L–1

Sham 0.32±0.03 17.42±0.56 44.33±2.41
UUO 0.56±0.02a 34.07±0.83a 68.02±2.77a
RX 0.47±0.02b 25.98±1.27b 49.35±1.18b
DBD 3.75 g·kg–1 0.51±0.02c 26.71±1.94b 57.95±2.79b
DBD 7.5 g·kg–1 0.49±0.03b 25.83±1.74b 54.40±0.87b
GDBD 4.4 g·kg–1 0.49±0.02b 24.20±0.71bd 48.40±1.38bd
GDBD 8.8 g·kg–1 0.47±0.03b 21.70±0.24be 47.53±1.05be
注(note):与Sham组相比(vs. Sham group),aP<0.01;与UUO组比较(vs. UUO group),bP<0.01,cP<0.05;与DBD 3.75 g·kg–1组比较(vs. DBD 3.75 g·kg–1 groups),dP<0.01;与DBD 7.5 g·kg–1组比较(vs. DBD 7.5 g·kg–1 groups),eP<0.01。

3.2 DBD、GDBD对UUO大鼠肾功能的影响

与Sham组比较,UUO组BUN和Cr明显增加(P<0.01),代表UUO大鼠造模成功。经药物干预后,肾功能指标BUN和Cr明显降低(P<0.01);GDBD组与DBD组相比,BUN和Cr均有明显降低(P<0.01),见表2

3.3 DBD、GDBD对UUO大鼠血清中TGF-β1、TNF-α、α-SMA含量的影响

与Sham组相比,UUO组TGF-β1、TNF-α、α-SMA显著升高(P<0.01);与UUO组相比,除DBD 3.75 g·kg–1组TNF-α无显著性降低外,其余给药组TGF-β1、TNF-α、α-SMA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其中GDBD 4.4 g·kg–1较DBD 3.75 g·kg–1组α-SMA显著降低(P<0.01),见表3
Tab 3 Effects of DBD and GDBD on serum TGF-β1,TNF-α and α-SMA in UUO rats (x¯±sn=6)

表3 DBD和GDBD对UUO大鼠血清TGF-β1、TNF-α和α-SMA水平的影响(x¯±sn=6)

组别 剂量/(g·kg–1 TGF-β/(ng·mL–1 TNF-α/(pg·mL–1 α-SMA/(pg·mL–1
Sham - 50.89±6.46 232.00±11.08 183.61±11.98
UUO - 90.43±10.10a 312.56±23.51a 256.37±17.90a
RX 0.01 59.45±4.13b 277.59±10.12b 223.64±14.68b
DBD 3.75 g·kg–1 3.75 73.14±4.23b 293.42±13.58 229.59±11.06b
DBD 7.5 g·kg–1 7.5 71.93±8.84b 276.71±20.12b 211.31±3.58b
GDBD 4.4 g·kg–1 4.4 69.92±4.98b 271.02±12.93b 203.19±7.79bd
GDBD 8.8 g·kg–1 8.8 61.29±3.22b 255.84±5.32b 201.44±2.99b
注(note):与Sham组相比(vs. Sham group),aP<0.01;与UUO组比较(vs. UUO group),bP<0.01;与DBD 3.75 g·kg–1组比较(vs. DBD 3.75 g·kg–1 groups),dP<0.01。

3.4 DBD、GDBD对UUO大鼠肾组织病理变化情况

肉眼观察结果显示,Sham组大鼠双侧肾脏大小、形态基本一致,包膜光整,呈红褐色。UUO组大鼠梗阻侧肾脏体积明显增大,包膜欠光滑,呈囊状。经给药治疗后,肾损伤情况略有减轻,见图2
Fig 2 Effects of DBD and GDBD on renal morphology of UUO rats

图2 DBD和GDBD对UUO大鼠肾脏形态学的影响

Full size|PPT slide

HE染色结果显示,Sham组大鼠肾脏组织结构清晰,形态完整,无明显异常。与Sham组相比,UUO组出现大量空泡、肾小管扩张、肾小球萎缩并有大量间质炎性细胞浸润。经给药治疗后,空泡数量减少,肾小管形态趋于正常,炎性细胞浸润减少。见图3A
Fig 3 H&E staining (×200) and Masson’s trichrome staining (×400) of renal interstitial tissue in UUO rats treated with DBD and GDBD (A-B),and the quantification of fibrotic rate (C) (x¯±sn=6)

图3 DBD和GDBD(A-B)对UUO大鼠肾间质组织HE染色(×200)、Masson染色(×400)及纤维化率(C)的影响(x¯±sn=6)

注(note):红色箭头指示炎性细胞浸润(red arrows indicate inflammatory cell infiltration);黄色箭头指示空泡变性,肾小管扩张(yellow arrows indicate vacuolar degeneration and renal tubular dilation);蓝色箭头指示肾小球萎缩(blue arrows indicate glomerular atrophy)。与Sham组相比(vs. Sham group),aP<0.01;与UUO组比较(vs. UUO group),bP<0.01,cP<0.05;与DBD 7.5 g·kg–1组比较(vs. DBD 7.5 g·kg–1 groups),fP<0.05。

Full size|PPT slide

Masson染色结果显示,Sham组大鼠肾脏组织蓝色胶原纤维沉积较少,UUO组大鼠肾间质可见大量蓝色胶原纤维,纤维化比较严重;与UUO组比较,各给药组大鼠肾间质蓝色胶原纤维沉积显著降低,且GDBD组较DBD组降低程度更大,见图3B

3.5 DBD、GDBD对UUO大鼠肾组织中Notch1JAG1HES1 mRNA表达水平的影响

与Sham组比较,UUO组大鼠肾组织中Notch1JAG1HES1 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与UUO组比较,各给药组Notch1JAG1HES1 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),其中与DBD组比较,GDBD组HES1 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。见表4
Tab 4 The mRNA levels of Notch1JAG1 and HES1 in rats of each group (x¯±sn=3)

表4 各组大鼠Notch1JAG1HES1 mRNA的相对表达量(x¯±sn=3)

组别 Notch1 JAG1 HES1
Sham 0.60±0.05 0.66±0.03 0.31±0.03
UUO 1.13±0.07a 1.27±0.05a 0.81±0.04a
RX 0.73±0.06b 0.83±0.07b 0.61±0.05b
DBD 3.75 g·kg–1 0.79±0.04b 1.02±0.06b 0.50±0.03b
DBD 7.5 g·kg–1 1.00±0.04 0.83±0.04b 0.49±0.04b
GDBD 4.4 g·kg–1 0.81±0.05b 1.05±0.06b 0.43±0.04b
GDBD 8.8 g·kg–1 0.87±0.03b 0.95±0.05b 0.33±0.03be
注(note):与Sham组相比(vs. Sham group),aP<0.01; 与UUO组比较(vs. UUO group),bP<0.01;与DBD 7.5 g·kg–1组比较(vs. DBD 7.5 g·kg–1 groups),eP<0.01。

3.6 DBD、GDBD对UUO大鼠肾组织中Notch1、JAG1、HES1蛋白表达水平的影响

与Sham组比较,UUO组大鼠肾组织中Notch1、JAG1、HES1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与UUO组比较,各给药组Notch1、JAG1、HES1的蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01),见图4
Fig 4 Protein expressions of Notch1,JAG1 and HES1 in contralateral kidney of UUO rats detected by Western blot (x¯±sn=3)注(note):与Sham组相比(vs. Sham group),aP<0.01; 与UUO组比较(vs. UUO group),bP<0.01,cP<0.05; 与DBD 3.75 g·kg–1组比较(vs. DBD 3.75 g·kg–1groups),dP<0.01。

图4 Western blot检测UUO大鼠对侧肾脏Notch1、JAG1、HES1的表达 (x¯±sn=3)

Full size|PPT slide

4 讨论

本研究将大鼠左侧输尿管进行结扎,使得肾脏引流系统受阻,尿液潴留压迫肾小管,导致肾小管上皮细胞发生进行性坏死,建立RIF动物模型15。该模型大鼠血清BUN、Cr水平升高,肾组织中出现大量空泡、肾小管扩张,肾间质出现大量炎性细胞浸润,证明RIF动物模型制备成功。
中医古籍中并无对RIF的记载,但根据病理表现可将其归属中医“水肿”“肾风”“癥瘕”等与肾脏相关疾病的范畴。尽管,目前针对RIF的治疗药物16和肾脏替代疗法17已经取得显著成效,但存在过度滥用、不良反应大和治疗成本高等问题。因此,寻求更加安全有效的药物显得尤为重要。中医药具有安全性高、临床疗效反响好、费用低等优势,为治疗RIF提供了新的思路。DBD出自金代李东垣所著的《内外伤辨惑论》,该方由黄芪和当归5∶1配伍而成。方中黄芪具有调节血糖、消除水肿和保护肾功能等作用18。当归具有抗氧化、抗纤维化、促进造血功能以及保护肾脏等作用19。人参具有大补元气的功效,现代药理学研究认为人参皂苷可作为良好的抗炎剂和抗氧化剂,对肾脏有明显保护作用20。尽管研究表明DBD和人参对肾脏均具有保护作用,但二者合用延缓RIF的配伍规律及作用机制尚不明确。
TGF-β1作为重要的促纤维化因子,可诱导多种细胞向肌成纤维细胞分化,而α-SMA是肌成纤维细胞的特异性标志物,在正常肾脏组织中很少表达21。研究发现,肾小管间质损伤常常与α-SMA表达水平呈正相关22。TNF-α是常见的炎症细胞因子,与α-SMA受体结合以实现生物学功能,其在组织损伤后迅速升高,在组织损伤修复的炎症反应阶段具有重要的调节作用23。Notch信号通路在肾脏发育、组织内环境稳态维持和肾组织修复过程中发挥着重要的作用。有研究发现,过表达的Notch1可提高TGF-β1水平,TGF-β1又可调节JAG1的表达,导致Notch1活性升高,这表明TGF-β1与Notch通路之间存在正反馈调节机制,共同促进RIF的发生和发展24。因此,通过调控Notch信号通路,降低TGF-β1的表达,对延缓RIF起着重要作用。
本实验通过DBD、GDBD干预RIF动物模型,对大鼠肾组织病理、纤维化的关键指标及Notch信号通路相关指标进行研究,结果显示,DBD、GDBD均能改善UUO大鼠肾脏功能和肾脏病理变化,降低促纤维化因子及促炎因子TGF-β1、TNF-α、α-SMA的含量,调控Notch信号通路相关基因表达,其中GDBD改善效果更明显。这可能是人参对DBD延缓RIF具有增效作用,其潜在机制可能与调控Notch信号通路有关。该发现为今后明确RIF的发病机制及临床防治提供了新策略,对寻求更有效的疾病干预靶点并为GDBD的推广应用提供理论依据。但本研究也存在一定的局限性,首先,GDBD组人参所占比例与当归所占比例相同,对其他配伍比例没有研究,后续应精准调整药物配比,确保治疗方案的安全性和最大疗效;其次,基于中药多途径、多靶点的治疗特点,本研究只选择Notch信号通路进行验证且没有开展Notch信号通路阻断实验,无法确定药物是否通过其他途径发挥作用,后续实验应使用通路抑制剂,并对RIF所涉及的其他通路进行更深入研究。

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