Patient-centered continuity of pharmaceutical care is of great significance in ensuring medication safety， improving therapeutic efficacy， and optimizing the use of medical resources. It has become a key link in the construction of an integrated medical service model. There has been earlier exploration in this field abroad， where abundant experience and achievements have been accumulated in theoretical research， policy formulation， and service model construction. In comparison， the development of continuity of pharmaceutical care in China is still at its initial stage. Drawing on the advanced international experience can help accelerate the development of continuous pharmaceutical care in China. Through literature review， we systematically sorted out and deeply analyzed the national policies and practices of healthcare institutions in five countries， namely， Australia， the United States， Canada， the United Kingdom， and Japan， in the area of continuity of pharmacy services. It suggests that China should take a series of measures， including strengthening top-level design， promoting information integration， improving compensation mechanisms， and enhancing the construction of pharmacist teams， to gradually improve the construction and development of the continuity pharmaceutical care system.

OBJECTIVE To prepare the thermosensitive gel loaded with ziyuglycoside Ⅱ（ZYⅡ） micelles， and to evaluate its effect on dry eye disease in rats. METHODS The ZY-M were prepared by thin film dispersion using soybean phospholipid and vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate. The ZY-M morphology， particle size and distribution， Zeta potential， entrapment efficiency， drug loading， and critical micelle concentration were evaluated. Poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 were used to prepare ZYⅡ micelle-based thermosensitive gels （ZY-M-G） by cold dissolution. The pH value， the gelatination temperature， rheological properties， dissolution and release of ZYⅡ and precorneal retention ability of the ZY-M-G were evaluated. The effects of ZY-M-G on dry eye disease were evaluated by measuring tear secretion， tear film break-up time， the intraocular inflammatory factors （IL-17， IL-6， and IL-1β） levels， and corneal H&E staining. RESULTS ZY-M were spherical. The mean particle size， polydispersity index （PDI）， Zeta potential， and critical micelle concentration of micelles were （73.26±1.07）nm， 0.25±0.01， （–0.29±0.04）mV and 9.85 μg·mL^–1， respectively. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of ZY-M were 82.37%±0.43% and 23.13%±0.31%， respectively. The pH value of ZY-M-G was 7.76±0.04.The gelatination temperature was 33.9 ℃± 0.4 ℃. The prepared thermogel was a pseudoplastic fluid with good rheological properties. The in vitro cumulative release （%） of ZYⅡ from micelle thermosensitive gel correlates well with dissolution （R²=0.999 3）. The precorneal retention time of this thermosensitive gel was prolonged. ZY-M-G significantly increased tear secretion， prolong tear break-up time， reduced the levels of IL-17， IL-6， and IL-1β， and maintained the structure of corneal layers in the eyes of rats with dry eye disease. CONCLUSION The prepared ZYⅡ-loaded micelle thermosensitive gel has good properties and can relieve the symptoms of dry eye disease in rats.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprinting of Naru-3 pills， and to screen the quality markers with chemical pattern recognition methods， thus providing references for its quality control. METHODS Based on the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine（2012 edition）， and using the chromatography column Agilent Eclipse XDB C₁₈ （4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm）， and methanol（A）-0.2 % phosphoric acid（B） solution as a mobile phase for gradient elution， fingerprinting of 15 batches of Naru-3 pills was created with the following criteria： flow rate 1 mL·min^–1， column temperature 35 ℃， injection volume 10 μL， and detection wavelength 254 nm. Bio-informatics platform was used for cluster analysis （CA）， and SIMCA 14.1 software was used for principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）. The variable importance in projection value greater than 1.0 was used as the index to screen the differentially expressed components. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used to examine variance of different components. RESULTS A total of 23 common peaks were identified in the fingerprinting of the 15 batches of Naru-3 pills， with the similarities greater than 0.974. Six common peaks were identified， including the peak 3 （gallic acid）， peak 7 （chebulic acid）， peak 11 （corilagin）， peak 15 （benzoylaconitine）， peak 17 （piperlonguminine）， peak 19 （piperine）. According to the results of CA and PCA， 15 batches of samples could be clustered into two categories： S1—S4 and S13—S15 were clustered into one category， and S5—S12 were clustered into another category. Under the PLS-DA model， 12 difference markers were selected， and the differences were significant. CONCLUSION The established fingerprinting of Naru-3 combined with chemical pattern recognition can be used to evaluate the overall quality of Naru-3 pills. A total of 12 components， such as Corilagin may be the difference markers affecting the quality of Naru-3.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） on aspirin-induced damage to human gastric mucosal epithelial cells （GES-1） and the underlying mechanism based on pharmacological experiments， molecular docking， and molecular dynamics simulations. METHODS GES-1 cells were induced with aspirin and PNS at varying concentrations for 24 hours. Cell viability measured by CCK-8 assay determined the optimal concentration of aspirin in inducing cell damage and the maximum dose of PNS. GES-1 cells were treated with blank control， aspirin， and asprin+PNS. After different durations of administration， flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis， cell cycle， and reactive oxygen species （ROS） content. Western Blot and qPCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels of Kelch like ECH related protein 1 （Keap1）， nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， respectively. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding ability of PNS to Keap1 target protein， and the stability of the optimal binding model was verified through molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS After treatment with 50 µg·mL^–1 aspirin， GES-1 cells produced a large amount of ROS， induced cell damage， significantly increased cell apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， but decreased survival rate （P<0.05）. The combination treatment of 50 µg·mL^–1 aspirin and 62.5 µg·mL^–1 PNS dose-dependently decreased intracellular ROS levels （P<0.01）， significantly decreased cell apoptotic rate and cell cycle arrest proportion （P<0.05）， increased survival rate （P<0.05）， and upregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of Keap1， Nrf2， and HO-1 （P<0.01）. In addition， molecular docking indicated a stable binding ability of PNS to Keap1. The chemical components in PNS bound well to Keap1 protein. Furthermore， molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the best binding energy （–37.93±1.37） kcal·mol^–1 between ginsenoside Rh₄ and Keap1 in the last 5 ns， indicating a highly stable binding between the two. CONCLUSION PNS may exert antioxidant stress effects by activating the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway， thereby protecting against aspirin-induced damage to GES cells.

OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical constituents of non-saponins in the ethanol extract of Aralia chinensis L. and to explore its mechanism of action in the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS The data were collected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）， and the non-saponin chemical constituents of Aralia chinensis L. were identified by database searching and literature review. The SwissTargetPrediction platform was used to predict the targets of chemical components. GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） and Therapeutic Target Database （TTD） were searched to obtain disease-related targets. Protein protein interaction （PPI） analysis， Gene Ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） signal pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the intersection targets of components and diseases. SYBYL 2.1.1 software was used to verify the molecular docking of non-saponin components and core targets. Finally， molecular dynamics simulation was used to verify the interaction between compounds and target genes. RESULTS A total of 29 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of Aralia chinensis L. A total of 412 intersection targets of components and disease targets of breast cancer were obtained. Totally， 3 258 biological items were enriched in GO function， and 192 enriched signaling pathways were analyzed by KEGG pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the components had good binding activity with the target proteins. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the interaction between isochlorogenic acid C and AKT1 was stable. CONCLUSION Aralia chinensis L. may exert its therapeutic effects on breast cancer through a multi-component， multi-target， multi-pathway mechanism by acting on targets like TP53 and regulating signaling pathways like the PI3K-AKT.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Atractylenolide Ⅲ （ATR Ⅲ） on liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） rats and its impact on the high mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1） - receptor of advanced glycation endproducts （RAGE） signaling pathway. METHODS An in vivo rat NAFLD model was constructed. NAFLD rats were randomly divided into the Model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose ATR Ⅲ groups （ATR Ⅲ-L， ATR Ⅲ-M， ATR Ⅲ-H groups）， and high-dose ATR Ⅲ+pathway activator DEX group （ATR Ⅲ-H+DEX group）， with 15 rats in each group. Another 15 rats fed with a normal diet were taken as the Control group. Rat body weight and liver weight were recorded， and the liver index was calculated. Rat blood samples were collected to detect serum lipid metabolism indicators using a biochemical analyzer. Pathological morphology of rat liver tissues was observed by hematoxylin and eosin （H&E） staining. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Protein expression levels of factors involved in the HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway were examined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the Control group， rats in the Model group presented pathological changes in the liver tissue. Liver mass， liver index， levels of inflammatory factors， malondialdehyde （MDA）， protein expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE， apoptotic rate， and serum lipid metabolism indicators （total cholesterol ［TC］， triglyceride ［TG］， aspartate aminotransferase ［AST］， alanine aminotransferase ［ALT］， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ［LDL-C］） were significantly higher in the Model group， while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activities were significantly lower than the Control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the Model group， the pathological damage of liver tissue in ATR Ⅲ-L， ATR Ⅲ-M， and ATR Ⅲ-H groups was significantly improved. Liver mass， liver index， levels of inflammatory factors， MDA， protein expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE， apoptotic rate， and serum lipid metabolism indicators （TC， TG， AST， ALT， LDL-C） significantly decreased， while HDL-C levels， SOD and GSH-Px activities significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the ATR Ⅲ-H group， DEX in the ATR Ⅲ-H+DEX group reversed the improvement effect of ATR Ⅲ-H on pathological damage to the rat liver tissue （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION ATR Ⅲ can regulate lipid metabolism， alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory damage of liver tissue， and inhibit cell apoptosis in NAFLD rats by mediating the HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To prepare and optimize the formulation and process of Xiadan Sanjie nanoemulsion gel， and to explore its therapeutic effect on thyroid nodules in rats. METHODS The optimal extraction process of volatile oil from Xiadan Sanjie was obtained by univariate experiment and central composite design-response surface methodology. The prescription and process of Xiadan Sanjie nanoemulsion gel were screened and optimized by pseudoternary phase diagram and central composite design-response surface methodology. Additionally， its physicochemical properties and preliminary pharmacodynamics of thyroid nodules （TNS） were evaluated. RESULTS The optimized prescription of Xiadan Sanjie nanoemulsion gel was as follows： proportion of volatile oil of Xiadan Sanjie prescription 2.062%， proportion of polyoxyethylene ether （35） castor oil （cremophor EL， EL 35） 2.577%， proportion of anhydrous ethanol 1.736%， proportion of borneol 4.124%， proportion of glycerol 15%， proportion of carbomer 940 2.5%， and proportion of azone 6.186%. Its appearance was brown， delicate and easy to coating， and the average pH ranged from 6.0 to 6.5. Preliminary pharmacodynamic experiments showed that Xiadan Sanjie nanoemulsion gel had a good therapeutic effect on hypothyroidism rats. CONCLUSION The preparation process of Xiadan Sanjie nanoemulsion gel is stable， and the local application is safe. It can effectively regulate the levels of thyroid hormones， which lays a foundation for the in-depth study of the treatment of TNS.

OBJECTIVE To explore the stability of ciprofol injections after dilutions with different solvents and the compatibility with various infusion sets. METHODS Under （25±1） ℃， ciprofol injections were diluted 5-fold and 10-fold with 0.9% sodium chloride （NS） and 5% glucose （5% GS）， respectively. Samples were collected at 0， 2， 4， 6， and 8 h to assess the diluted solutions for appearance， pH， zeta potential （ZP）， particle size distribution， osmolarity， and relative drug content. In parallel， undiluted and diluted solutions were passed through polyvinyl chloride （PVC）， polyethylene （PE）， and polypropylene （PP） infusion sets， with drug content in the effluent quantified at the same time points. RESULTS Within 8 h， all diluted solutions showed no visible changes in appearance， with stable maintenances of drug content， pH， ZP， and osmolarity. The average particle size remained around 200 nm， and the polydispersity index （PDI） was approximately 0.1. ZP values of 5% GS-diluted solutions were higher than those diluted with NS. At the 8-hour time point， drug concentration in diluted solutions dropped below 50% （undiluted solution： 59.2%） in the PVC group；74.9%–88.0% （undiluted solution： 92.4%） in the PE group， and >95% in both diluted and undiluted solutions in the PP group. CONCLUSION Ciprofol injections remain stable for 8 hours following 5-fold and 10-fold dilutions with NS or 5% GS. In solvent selection， 5%GS is superior to NS. The drug exhibits differential adsorption rates in PVC and PE infusion sets. It is recommended to avoid PVC material infusion sets and minimize a prolonged use of PE material infusion sets.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and optimize the dosage regimen of commonly used antibiotics for pertussis in children based on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic （PK/PD） profile， thus promoting arational drug use. METHODS The PK parameters of four commonly used antibiotics for pertussis in children， including azithromycin， compound trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole （TMP-SMZ）， piperacillin tazobactam， and cefoperazone sodium sulbactam， and their in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） against Bordetella pertussis（BP） were collected. Monte Carlo simulation was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of different dosage regimens of drugs in treating pediatric pertussis， with steady state free drug trough concentration（f {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}）≥MIC as the effective PK/PD target indicator. A dosing regimen was defined as the optimal regimen corresponding to a probability of achievement （PTA） of f {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}≥MIC above 90%. RESULTS Azithromycin， administered at a dose of 10–20 mg·kg^–1， qd×1 day （loading dose） and 5–10 mg·kg^–1， qd×4 days （maintenance dose）， for the treatment of drug-resistant BP bacterial infections with MIC≥64 mg·L^–1， was unable to achieve the target of the f {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}of in vivo. For patients aged≥2 months， TMP-SMZ at a dose of 4/20 （TMP dose / SMZ dose） mg·kg^–1， q12h×14 days achieved the effective exposure target in most children. However， for a small number of children， with a mean postnatal age （PNA） of 1–12 years， and serum creatinine ranging from 0.1 mg·dL^–1 to 0.5 mg·dL^–1， there was a need to increase the dosage of TMP-SMZ. According to the calculation of piperacillin， the effective dose range of piperacillin tazobactam for treating pertussis was 15—340 mg·kg^–1·d^–1， which should be adjusted based on the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score， estimated glomerular filtration rate， and body weight. Cefoperazone sulbactam was administered at a lower dose of 7.5–30 mg·kg^–1·d according to the calculation of cefoperazone， and the f {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}in vivo approximately covered the MIC of BP. CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of different dosage regimens of four commonly used antibiotics for pertussis in children is evaluated based on the PK/PD profile. We proposed an optimized dosage regimen to provide reference for the rational use of BP antibiotics in pediatrics. The probability of achieving PK/PD standard in the treatment of pertussis in children with azithromycin is low. TMP-SMZ， piperacillin tazobactam， and cefoperazone sodium sulbactam should be individualized according to the physiological and pathological characteristics.

OBJECTIVE To identify potential risk drugs inducing thrombotic microangiopathy （TMA） by data mining in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System （FAERS） database， thus providing reference value for clinical medication safety. METHODS Data from 2013 to 2023 were downloaded from the FAERS database. Cases of TMA were identified. Signal drugs were detected using the Reporting Odds Ratio （ROR）， Proportional Reporting Ratio （PRR）， and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network （BCPNN） models. The time of TMA occurrence and patient outcomes were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 4 362 cases of TMA were extracted. After standardization， 91 signal drugs were identified， mainly including antineoplastic or immunomodulatory drugs， anti-infective drugs and hematopoietic system drugs. Among the 1 809 reports with complete onset time information， 60.26% of TMA occurred within 14 days after drug use of antineoplastic or immunomodulatory drugs （alemtuzumab and carfilzomib） and antibacterial drugs （levofloxacin and vancomycin）. Among the 3 404 reports with complete outcome information， the clinical outcomes of TMA showed a high proportion of all-cause mortality and hospitalization. CONCLUSION There are many drugs associated with TMA risk and a high proportion of adverse outcomes， making early identification crucial. The first 14 days are the key period for monitoring. It is recommended that multidisciplinary teams assess thrombotic risk when selecting medications， prioritizing drugs with a negative signal for TMA. If the use of drugs with TMA risk is unavoidable， enhanced prospective monitoring should be conducted to detect signs of TMA in a timely manner.

OBJECTIVE To explore and analyze the association between sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors （SGLT2i） with fractures and arthritis events， thus providing references for safe clinical medication. METHODS Open Vigil FDA analysis tool was used to extract the fractures and arthritis events related to SGLT2i from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System （FAERS） database， with a time range from January 1， 2004 to August 31， 2024. The reporting odds ratio method was employed to detect risk signals and evaluate potential correlations. RESULTS A total of 845 fracture event reports （dapagliflozin： 271， empagliflozin： 385， canagliflozin： 184， ertugliflozin： 5） and 1 098 arthritis event reports （dapagliflozin： 296， empagliflozin： 481， canagliflozin： 319， ertugliflozin： 2） were retrieved. No reports were related to henagliflozin or ganagliflozin. The overall results showed that fractures and arthritis events did not form risk signals in dapagliflozin， empagliflozin， canagliflozin， and ertugliflozin. Subgroup analysis by fracture sites showed that a risk signal was generated for empagliflozin in femoral neck fractures. Subgroup analysis by arthritis types showed that risk signals were generated for canagliflozin in psoriatic arthropathy and arthritis bacterial. CONCLUSION There is no significant correlation between SGLT2i and overall risk of fractures or arthritis. Empagliflozin may be associated with femoral neck fractures， and canagliflozin may correlate with psoriatic arthropathy and arthritis bacterial. However， further research is needed to confirm the above associations.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the clinical benefits of oral long-acting drugs versus short-acting drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in real-world studies. METHODS Real-world studies published from the establishment of the database to 7 May 2024 on the use of oral long-acting drugs for the treatment of T2DMwere searched in online Chinese and English language databases， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure， Database of Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database， Wanfang Data， Embase， and Medline. Two investigators independently conducted literature screening， data extraction and risk assessment， in order to sort out and analyze the effectiveness， safety， treatment satisfaction， treatment adherence and other clinical benefits of oral long-acting formulation in the included literatures. RESULTS After the systematic search， a total of 5 314 articles were retrieved. Following further screening， 3 eligible articles were identified. These included 2articlesfocusing on the effectiveness， treatment satisfaction， and treatment adherence， and 2articles focusing on the safety. The results of the included articles demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the effectiveness and safety between oral long-acting and short-acting antidiabetic drugs.Furthermore， there was a significant improvement in treatment satisfaction and adherence with oral long-acting antidiabetic drugs compared with short-acting antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSION The real-world studies indicated that， in comparison to oral short-acting drugs for T2DM， oral long-acting antidiabetic drugs can significantly enhance patient satisfaction with treatment and medication adherence， while simultaneously ensuring the efficacy and safety.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the results of quality control survey on narcotic drugs and Class I psychotropic drugs （narcotic and psychotropic drugs） in medical institutions in Chaoyang District of Beijing， aiming to provide a reference for standardizing the management of narcotic and psychotropic drugs. METHODS Based on the cognitive schema theory， a management standard survey questionnaire was designed for the scenarios of admission， circulation， and use of narcotic and psychotropic drugs. Experts conducted on-site investigations at 99 medical institutions in Chaoyang District of Beijing with signature cards. Based on the recorded existing issues， a feedback on the survey results was provided， and corrective measures were proposed. RESULTS A total of 264 existing issues were identified during field inspections. Among them， 184 issues pertained to the management of narcotic and psychotropic drugs， while 80 issues related to management systems. Main management cognitive deficiencies in each scenario were as follows： inventory management in the admission scenario （accounting for 52.7%）， prescription issuance in the circulation scenario （accounting for 34.8%）， and drug storage in the use scenario （accounting for 48.6%）. Significant differences existed in the cognitive level of narcotic and psychotropic drug management among institutions at different levels （P=0.031） and various types of medical institutions （P=0.036）. CONCLUSION Management cognition of narcotic and psychotropic drugs among staff in different medical institutions and work scenarios varies a lot. The survey based on cognitive schema theory systematically and vividly describes the management requirements of narcotic and psychotropic drugs， aligns the degree of management granularity， and improves the management level of narcotic and psychotropic drugs， thus offering a reference for standardized management of such drugs in medical institutions.

OBJECTIVE To establish the drug utilization evaluation （DUE） criteria for dexmedetomidine injections in adults admitted in the intensive care unit （ICU）， and to evaluate the rationality of clinical use of dexmedetomidine injections before and after pharmaceutical care. METHODS The DUE criteria of dexmedetomidine injections were established according to the drug instructions and guidelines consensus. The rationality of dexmedetomidine injections used in adults in the ICU from January to December 2022 was evaluated by the Attribute Hierarchical Model in combination with technique for order preference by similarity to solution （AHM-TOPSIS）. After the implementation of targeted pharmaceutical services， adults in the ICU who received dexmedetomidine injections from January to December 2023 were selected to be re-evaluated by the same method， and the rationality of dexmedetomidine injection before and after the intervention was compared. RESULTS After the intervention， the proportion of reasonable medical records（0.8≤C_i ＜1）increased from 32.94% to 50%， while the proportion of basically reasonable medical records（0.6≤C_i ＜0.8） decreased from 52.69% to 46.88%， and the proportion of unreasonable medical records （C_i ＜0.6） dropped from 14.37% to 3.13%. After the intervention， there were significant differences in configuration concentration， dosage administration， special populations， sedation depth monitoring， and pharmaceutical care （P < 0.05）. CONCLUSUON The establishment of DUE criteria for dexmedetomidine injections in adults in ICU and the implementation of targeted pharmaceutical services for irrational drug use evaluated by the AHM-TOPSIS method can improve its rationality and provide references for the evaluation and management of other drugs.

The press-coated tablets are a novel tablet dosage form using specialized technique that involves the inner core and wrapping outer layers of the core. It possesses precise control over drug release rates，release timing and delivery sites， and it can effectively isolate incompatible drugs to improve formulation stability while preventing abuse of medications and promoting adherence among patients. This innovative approach allows a combination of multiple drugs in a single administration， thereby enhancing their therapeutic effects. Additionally， it can increase the drug loading capacity， facilitating patient compliance with medication regimens. Given its unique advantages， the press-coated tablets are particularly suitable for the improvement and innovation of Chinese and western medicine preparations and smart drug formulations. This review summarized and analyzed the research progress and market status of press-coated tablets， hoping to provide some references for application and development of the formulations.

Agarwood is a resin-containing wood of the thymelaeaceae family. As a precious aromatic southern medicine， agarwood， has a long history of medicine and remarkable therapeutic effect. The development and utilization prospects of agarwood were predicted and prospected by reviewing related ancient books and research literature. It was found that agarwood has a wide range of clinical applications and pharmacological effects in ancient and modern， and has significant effects in the treatment of digestive， respiratory， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and nervous system diseases， especially in the regulation of nervous system insomnia， anxiety， and depression. Agarwood has potential medicinal and health development value and application prospects. This paper systematically summarized the clinical application of agarwood in ancient and modern and the modern efficacy research， aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for guiding its clinical application， medicinal research， and development and utilization.

With the rapid development of biopharmaceuticals and cell and gene therapies， toxicological evaluation faces increasing challenges. For a long time， drug toxicology research has relied on experimental animal models. However， these models possess inherent limitations in accurately reflecting human-specific toxicological responses and often fail to fully predict drug behavior within the human body. In recent years， China has experienced substantial progress in the field of toxicology， characterized by conceptual updates， technological innovations， and strategic refinement. The emergence and development of organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies have established a robust foundation for the innovative organ-on-a-chip assessment platform in vitro. By replicating the microenvironment and physiological functions of critical human organs like the heart， liver， and kidneys， this technology facilitates more precise evaluation of drug-induced toxicities.Concurrently， breakthroughs in contemporary biotechnologies， particularly within the realms of genomics， proteomics， and metabolomics， have introduced novel research paradigms and technical tools into toxicological science， thereby fostering transformative advancements within the field. This article examined recent developments in the application of organ-on-a-chip technology in drug toxicology， with the objective of offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for its further refinement and wider adoption.

To explore the clinical efficacy of pharmacological supervision based on the Tangye Jingfa Map on treating a patient with gastric flatulence in the damp-heat accumulation syndrome. Combining the Zang-Fang Syndrome Diagnosis and the principle of five-flavor tonifying and purging the five-zang in the Tangye Jingfa Map， the patient was diagnosed with a complex condition of spleen deficiency with a mixed deficiency syndrome and dominated by the empirical syndrome. Therefore， acrid herbs should be used to purge the spleen， sweet herbs to tonify the spleen， and bitter herbs to dry the spleen. Additionally， the patient also hada mixed deficiency syndrome of the lung， manifesting as xerostomia and constipation. The use of salty herbs achieved the goal to purge the lung and sour herbs to tonify the lung. Ultimately， the prescription structure of the traditional Chinese medicinal decoction was given as follows： five-pungent， four-sweet， three-bitter， two-sour， and one-salty composition. After discharge， the prescription of traditional Chinese patent medicines was optimized. The formula of Moluo Dan with a structure of five-bitter， five-sour， four-pungent， three-salty and one-sweet composition was adjusted to Shenling Baizhu Powder with a structure of six-sweet， two-bitter， and two-pungent composition. The therapeutic effect was shifted from purgation of the spleen to tonification of the spleen， thereby improving symptoms like weakness in the limbs associated with spleen deficiency. The results showed that the pure traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on the theoretical system of Tangye Jingfa Map has achieved significant clinical effects on improving patients' symptoms. Moreover， it is possible to predict the improvement of patients after taking traditional Chinese patent medicines according to this theory， and to adjust the medication plan in a timely manner based on the current symptoms of the patients. Tangye Jingfa Map theoretical system can effectively guide the rationality analysis of the prescription compatibility of the traditional Chinese medicinal decoction and the combination of patent Chinese medicine， providing a theoretical basis for pharmacological supervision work.

All antidepressants may lead to drug-induced liver injuries （DILIs）， especially in elderly individuals and patients taking multiple medications simultaneously. Paroxetine is considered one of the less hepatotoxic antidepressants， and DILI is a rare adverse drug reaction. This article aims to report a rare case of paroxetine-induced hepatic transaminase elevation. We analyzed and summarized the clinical characteristics and outcomes of paroxetine-induced DILIs based on existing cases at home and abroad， providing references for clinical identification and treatment of paroxetine-induced DILIs.